Learning family vocabulary helps you talk about the most important people in your life. In English, we have specific words for each family member, like mother, father, brother, 、および sister. Understanding these words is a key step for A1 English learners to describe their own family and understand others. This lesson will introduce you to the most common family terms, explain their meanings, and show you how to use them in simple sentences. You will learn how to identify direct family members and talk about relationships clearly and correctly.
Who is in Your Immediate Family?
Your immediate family includes your closest relatives. These are the people you usually live with or see very often.
- あなたの mother is your female parent. Her name is Maria.
- あなたの father is your male parent. My father likes to read.
- あなたの parents are your mother そして father 一緒に。. My parents are very kind.
- A son is a male child. They have one son.
- A daughter is a female child. She is their daughter.
- あなたの children are your sons そして daughters. I have two children.
- A brother is a male sibling. Do you have a brother?
- A sister is a female sibling. My sister is older than me.
What About Your Parents’ Spouses?
These words describe people who are married.
- A husband is a married man. He is her husband.
- A wife is a married woman. My wife works in a hospital.
How Do We Talk About Extended Family?
Extended family includes other relatives, like your parents’ parents or your parents’ siblings.
- あなたの grandfather is your mother’s father or your father’s father. My grandfather is 80 years old.
- あなたの grandmother is your mother’s mother or your father’s mother. My grandmother loves to cook.
- あなたの grandparents are your grandfathers そして grandmothers. I visit my grandparents every Sunday.
- An aunt is your mother’s sister or your father’s sister. My aunt lives in another city.
- An uncle is your mother’s brother or your father’s brother. My uncle is a doctor.
- A cousin は、あなたの aunt または uncle. I have many cousins.
How to Ask About Family?
You can use simple questions to ask about someone’s family.
- To ask about siblings: Do you have any brothers or sisters?
- To ask about parents: Are your parents well?
- To ask about children: Do you have any children?
- To ask about a spouse: Is your husband/wife here?
| 家族の一員 | Relationship |
|---|---|
| Mother | Female parent |
| Father | Male parent |
| Parents | Mother and father |
| Son | Male child |
| Daughter | Female child |
| Children | Sons and daughters |
| Brother | Male sibling |
| Sister | Female sibling |
| Husband | Married man |
| Wife | Married woman |
| Grandfather | Parent’s father |
| Grandmother | Parent’s mother |
| Grandparents | Grandfather and grandmother |
| Aunt | Parent’s sister |
| Uncle | Parent’s brother |
| Cousin | Child of an aunt or uncle |
例
- My mother and father are called my parents.
- I have one brother and one sister.
- She has two children: a son and a daughter.
- My aunt and uncle are coming to visit.
- He is my cousin, the son of my father’s sister.
- My grandparents live in a big house.
- Her husband is very tall.
- My wife and I like to travel.
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スペイン語話者が犯しがちな間違い
- Confusing ‘Parents’ and ‘Relatives’: In Spanish, ‘parientes’ means ‘relatives’. But in English, parents only means mother そして father. Do not say My parents are my aunt and uncle. Say My relatives are my aunt and uncle.
- Using ‘Child’ for Adults: In Spanish, ‘hijo/a’ can refer to an adult son or daughter. In English, child usually refers to a young person. For adults, use son または daughter. Do not say My child is 30 years old. Say My son/daughter is 30 years old.
- Gender for ‘Cousin’: In Spanish, ‘primo/prima’ changes for gender. In English, cousin is used for both male and female. Do not say He is my male cousin. Just say He is my cousin.
よくある質問
What is the difference between ‘mother’ and ‘mom’?
Mother is the formal word. Mom is informal and common in everyday speech, especially in American English. Both mean the same person.
「私の両親」は英語で何と言いますか？
あなたはこう言います my parents. This word refers to both your mother and your father.
Can ‘children’ mean adult sons and daughters?
No, children usually means young people. For adult sons and daughters, use sons そして daughters, 、または adult children if you need to specify.
What is a ‘sibling’?
A sibling is a formal word for a brother or a sister. You can say I have two siblings instead of I have one brother and one sister.
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